# Camera Capabilities: Differences and Similarities ## Basic Vocabulary - The range of Shutter Speeds available. - The range of Apertures available. - The Modes of Exposure available. - ISO (International Standard Organization) range, the sensitivity range of the sensor. - Image types. JPEG vs. RAW file. - Sensor Size and Sensor Type. - Metering Types. How the exposure level is measured. - White Balance. How the color is adjusted based on the light source. - Optical Zoom and Digital Zoom. - Video and Sound. - Download options. - Custom Settings. - Accessories. - Handling. - Flash. The farther away the flash is from the lens, the less likely red eyes will occur. - Colors of the camera. - Screen options. ## Point and Shoot and Compact Cameras - Easy of use. - Others won't consider you as a professional photographer. - Examples - Vivitar Vivicam - Nikon Coolpix S7000 - Canon Powershot G1X ## DSLR Cameras DSLR = Digital Single Lens Reflex ![[single-lens-reflex-today.png]] - First DSLR - 1987 - Firs DSLR public available - 1991, Kodak 1991 - When buying DSLR, you are buying for the long haul. Ecosystem matters. - Additional features - Tethered shooting. - Processor speed. - Sound options - Examples - Pentax K-50 - Canon EOS Rebel T6s - Nikon 810 ## Mirrorless Cameras - Light-weight, compact. - Interchangeable lenses. - Usually a four-third sensor. - Try before you buy. - Examples - Nikon 1 S2 - Olympus Pen E-PL7 - Fujifilm X-T10 ## Program Mode and the Effect of ISO - MAPS - Manual - Aperture Priority - Program Mode - Shutter Priority - In Program Mode, only aperture and shutter speed are determined by the camera. - "Anti-shake mode" when low ISO is used. - "Shallow focus mode" when higher ISO is used and in higher light conditions to achieve higher depth of field. - Program Mode favors at first fast shutter speed. The preference between blurriness and sharpness can be tuned. - Higher ISO in Program mode - faster shutter speed - a little bit narrower aperture - greater focus distance - Lower ISO in Program mode - fast shutter speed - wider aperture - shallower focus area/depth of field - blur from camera/object movement ## Working a Scene > [!tip] Don't look down > > Try not to constantly look at the pictures you are taking.