# DB Normalization - Proposed by Edgar F. Codd in *Further Normalisation of the Data Base Relational Model* - [Database normalization | Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization) - Anomaly occurs, if not sufficiently normalized, see Wiki ## Benefits - Data Integrity - Updates happen in one place - Reduces risk of data inconsistencies - Enforces referential integrity - Storage Efficiency - Eliminates redundant data - Smaller storage footprint - Better for large-scale systems - Maintenance - Easier to modify schema - Clearer relationships - Better for complex queries - Flexibility - Better for evolving business requirements ## Trade-offs - Query Complexity - More joins needed - Can impact read performance - Might need denormalization for specific use cases - Performance vs. Consistency - Normalized: Better consistency, more joins - Denormalized: Better read performance, harder updates