# Memory For memory in computer programming, see [[mem-org|Memory Organization]]. ## Components - Episodic memory = replay previous experiences (episodes) - Semantic memory = just remembering the information, if repeated a lot - Procedural memory = used for remembering skills, "muscle memory" - Working memory = "[[consciousness]]", pulling information from other memory system together, it's spatial and verbal as well ![[working-memory-model.png]] - To remember: Encoding -> Internal Representation -> Retrieval - Retrieval cues: relate things with existing rituals/memories, especially imagery ## Reconstructive Memory - Putting together information and assumptions to reconstruct the event - Barlett: Episodic memory itself is reconstructive ([[dream|activation-synthesis hypothesis]]?) - we only recorded part of the information from an event. - Our brain combines these info with assumptions about the world to replay the event. - Problem is, human brain is bad at distinguishing information and assumptions. Memory can be dangerous. - Loftus experiment: higher speed is estimated when more dramatic words are used. - Leading questions: The word we used in interrogating changes people's memory ## Deja Vu - Memory = Any previous experience that influences present behavior - "Perceptual fluency" - "Butcher in the bus", we see things/people in a new context - Deja vu = Familiarity without recollection, fluency of processing that cannot be contributed to anything - Perception without awareness, e.g. a quick glance, makes you fluent - [[sensation-perception-attention-and-awareness#Theory of Mind|Theory of Mind]], mental models have been formed, which leads to fluency ## Familiarity - Mere-Exposure has strong influence - The Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) Paradigm - People show tendency to like the word (or consider it brighter, or dimmer) they were exposed to. The question itself doesn't matter - Familiar message (talking points) feels like the correct answer ## Amnesia - Retrograde: Caused by concussion, temporary amnesia, relatively quickly returning normal but some memory right before the accident might be missing. - Anterograde: Can't form new memory. Caused by hippocampus damage. Things can't be remembered after the damage of hippocampi. Can only remember things when kept in working memory. ![[retrograde-vs-anterograde-amnesia.png]] - Memory is what keeps our continuum of existence. "Forever Today" ## What is Not Forgotten - Amnesia = loss of episodic memory, other kinds of memory are not lost, and they can still learn - Claparede: A pin in the handshake can be learned. Patients refuse to shake hand, "Sometimes people hide things in their hand" ![[declarative-and-nondeclarative-memory.png]] ![[mirrored-drawing-experiment.png]] - Amnesic person can still learn to do the mirrored drawing! - Long-Term Memory - "I know that" - Declarative - "I know how" - Procedural, which is really strong - "I remember when" - Episodic ## Synesthesia - Numbers or words related to taste/color/sounds. - These people tend to have outstanding memory for details as well. - Dual-coding for memorizing things. - Outstanding memory may adversely impact social skills.