# Music Back in the Day [Module 4 YouTube Playlist](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLQY0zQBqYyrUchgVA2VRszR8LLYVbBhHQ) ## Music in the Middle Ages > [!quote] > > All art in the Middle Ages was _functional_ art. -- Watsinga - Used in _liturgy_ - Transmit the word of God - Transmit the theology of the church - Two types of chanting - Syllabic chant - one note per syllable, narrow range, simple - used for reading - Melismatic chant - many notes for one syllable, wider range - used in contemplating and reflecting - Hildegard of Bingen - To allow more than two parts to join the chant, the rhythm notations were introduced. Hence the importance shifted from performers to composers. - Musical Mass - Proper of the Mass, text changes - Ordinary of the Mass, text doesn't change - Kyrie -> Gloria -> Credo -> Sanctus -> Agnus Dei - Vielle and Shawm ## Music in the Renaissance > [!summary] Features of Renaissance Music > > - Chant inspired. > - Imitative polyphony the basis of the style. > - Predominately vocal. > - Performed a cappella. > - Genres: the 3M's = Mass + Motet + Madrigal - Rebirth of classical antiquity in ancient Greek - Now the creator has a name! Humanism emerges! - Instruments - Positive vs. Portative Organ. - Clavichord, Harpsichord - Lute - early guitar - Sackbut - early trombone - Cornetto - died out - Dances - Pavane - slow stately dance - Galliard - faster and athletic - A Cappella Sistina -> A Cappella, originally played in Sistine Chapel - Motet - 2 + 5x4 + 2 = 24 lines of lyrics - Voice Paring - go against each other - Imitation - go along each other - Protestant Reformation = to protest - Who sings the soprano? - Women are originally proscribed from singing in church: "Mulier taceat in ecclesia" (women silent in church) - Have men sining soprano and falsetto - Castrato or Choir - Chroale Tune = Hymn Tune - Part Book - Madrigal - 4 to 5 solo voices in a cappella - In a vernacular language - madrigalism = word painting = mimicry - Music underscores the meaning of the text - Music became a memetic language!