# The Sound of Music ## Tone Color - tone color = timbre - overtone = partial - All instruments generate the same overtone series, however the amplitude for the overtones are different - Low sounds creates longer sound waves that travel farther, and lasts longer. - Four Families of Instruments - Strings - violin, viola, cello, double bass - vibrato, pizzicato, tremolo technique - Woodwinds - Bassoon, clarinet, saxophone, English horn, lower oboe, oboe, flute - Single reed vs double reed - Brasses - Trumpet, French horn, trombone - The longer the piece of tube, the lower the sound - Mouthpiece + tube - Percussions - timpani/kettle drums, cymbal, snare drum - Percussions give definitions to the music ![[symphony-orchestra-sitting-plan.png]] - Counterpoint = two or more musical lines go agains each other ## Texture, Form, and Style - Textures - Monophonic - Homophonic - Polyphonic - Form is created by: - Statement - Repetition - Contrast - Variation - Five basic common patterns of musical form - Strophic - Many strophes/stanza, same music - Verse + Chorus structure - Coda = end - Binary - Two contrasting themes - Ternary - Presentation -> Diversion -> Representation - Statement -> Digression -> Restatement - Rondo - Variation - Relative major/minor pitches/keys/scales are separated by 3 half-steps. ![[five-basic-music-forms.png]] - Eight Style Periods - Middle Age: 476 - 1450 - Renaissance: 1450 - 1600 - Baroque: 1600 - 1750 - Classical: 1750 - 1820 - Romantic: 1820 - 1900 - Impressionist: 1880 - 1920 - Modern: 1900 - 1985 - Postmodern: 1945 - present