# Web Development See [[frontend]] and [[backend]]. ## Resources - [Web development | Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_development) ## History - [[html|HTML]] made public in late 1991, [[css|CSS]] proposed in 1994, HTML 4 in late 1997 was the first spec to support CSS. - [[css#Frameworks|CSS Frameworks]] starting from mid-2000s to help layout the content. - JavaScript and dynamic HTML, Mocha invented in 1995. DOM Level 1 standardized in 1998. - AJAX (2005, with Google apps) allowed JS to fetch data without page reloads. - Ruby on Rails (2004) and Django (2005) adopts the [[mvc|MVC]] pattern. - jQuery (2006) abstracted DOM manipulation, which dominated web dev until modern JS frameworks emerged. - AngularJS (2010) and SPA - Client side routing without server requests, DOM is dynamically updated (instead of whole refresh) - Data are automatically synced between UI and model (we see this legacy in [[vue|Vue]]) - Modularized components - Other frameworks - Ember.js (2011) - [[react|React]] (2013), component based, virtual DOM, one-way data flow - Vue (2014), reactive two-way binding - [[svelte|Svelte]] (2016), no virtual DOM - Modern meta frameworks, covering both backend and frontend - [[nextjs|Next.js]] (2016) - [[nuxt|Nuxt.js]] (2016) - SvelteKit (2021) - There's another progression of JavaScript tooling.