# Intelligence - _Individual Difference_ research, focuses on non-average people. ## History - Sir Francis Galton - Cousin of Darwin - Measured people in different dimensions, head circumference, reaction time, etc. - Social Darwinism and eugenics? - Alfred Binet - French schools were interested in seeing how intelligence abilities vary among students. - Created a bunch of little tests. ## Test - Current version of Binet test (Stanford-Binet test, or Binet-Simon test) - Verbal Reasoning - Quantitative Reasoning - Abstract Visual Reasoning - Short-Term [[memory|Memory]] (avg people holds 7 +/- 2 digits) - Stanford Binet Intelligence Scale (or Simon-Binet IQ test) - Manipulate the scores to norm the test - Categorized into: Genius, Very Superior, Superior, Average, Dull, Borderline Deficiency, Imbecile, Idiot (these words got into our language) - Validity? - Questionnaire worded in white/Harlem language. Verbal test is not culture-free. - "When you're not speaking native language, your IQ drops 10 to 20 points." - Verbal free tests. ## Resources